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- OfficeVision
- By: Dave Garr, Michael Bobrowicz, Michael Mace
-
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- OS/2 SE Analysis
-
- The new version of OS/2 will not be a major breakthrough in terms of
- functionality. All of the new features announced by IBM are basically
- incremental improvements and long-promised features. Nevertheless, the changes
- address some of the most glaring defects of the current version of OS/2 SE. We
- think Macintosh is still significantly better than OS/2 in a lot of areas, but
- the flaws of OS/2 will be less obvious than they were before.
-
- Here are some of the key changes to OS/2 SE, and how they compare to Macintosh:
-
- Developer tools. The new application development tools will make it easier to
- port simple DOS programs to OS/2, and to develop unambitious text-entry
- applications. But the new IBM tool is a far cry from the versatility and power
- of HyperCard, which remains a major Macintosh advantage.
-
- Iconic file manager. We still aren't sure exactly how the new iconic file
- manager will look, but IBM clearly thinks it matches the functionality of the
- Macintosh Finder. We doubt it actually will, especially with the additions
- being made to the Finder in System 7. But IBM's improvements will probably
- make OS/2 look more like Macintosh, increasing the need for Apple to emphasize
- the full range of Macintosh's advantages.
-
- Printer driver. The new PostScript printer driver and sample driver code
- address one of the biggest holes in OS/2 today. It is interesting to note that
- Microsoft had originally promised to deliver an OS/2 PostScript driver in the
- first quarter of 1989, so the driver will be six months late. We'll be
- interested to compare the architecture of the OS/2 driver to the new Macintosh
- print architecture planned for System 7.
-
- Mouse driver installation. It sounds like a minor point, but the ability to
- change mouse drivers without reinstalling the entire operating system will be a
- major improvement. Today, if the user accidentally installs the wrong driver,
- he or she must restart the installation procedure from scratch in order to
- correct the error. Macintosh has had easy driver management since 1984.
-
- Overall. We think OS/2 acceptance depends primarily on two factors: Cost and
- applications. When third-party applications appear in quantity, and the cost
- of DRAM drops, OS/2 sales will begin in earnest. We expect that to happen in
- late 1990 or early 1991. Until then, the versions of OS/2 marketed by IBM and
- Microsoft are essentially pre-release software.
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- OTHER ANNOUNCEMENTS
-
- Changes to Common User Access: More Strategic Role for PCs
-
- CUA is IBM's standard user interface specification. It is part of SAA (Systems
- Applications Architecture), IBM's strategic blueprint which describes how it
- will unify its computer lines. When it was first developed, CUA treated
- terminals and personal computers equally. They were to receive one standard
- interface that would operate on both. But because of the limited computing
- power of the terminal, and its lack of a mouse, the CUA specification enshrined
- the lowest common denominator between PCs and terminals. It was roundly
- criticized for this.
-
- PCs elevated over terminals. The new version of CUA, announced at the same
- time as OfficeVision, eliminates this restriction by downgrading the role of
- the terminal and giving PCs a central place in IBM's computing strategy.
- First, IBM renamed terminals as NPTs (non-programmable terminals). PC became
- PWS (programmable workstation). IBM's change was so thorough that the term
- personal computer never even appears in IBM's OfficeVision documentation. It
- appears to have disappeared completely from IBM's official vocabulary.
-
- Three levels of interface. In order to differentiate the PWS from the NPT, IBM
- created three official levels of user interface. These levels, called Entry,
- Graphical, and Workplace, are not completely compatible. Thus IBM is in some
- ways endorsing the permanent division of its interfaces into several camps.
- IBM probably had to do this in order to accommodate its installed base, but the
- change in rhetoric is a far cry from its earlier approach, which promised to
- unify everything. Now, instead of actually trying to drive all its existing
- applications toward a single specification, IBM claims that they are consistent
- because they are all described in the new one.
-
- This appears to be the approach IBM will take with other products whose
- interfaces do not comply with CUA today: move them toward conformity with CUA
- where convenient, but also expand the specification to meet the different
- interfaces halfway. We expect IBM to add other layers to the CUA specification
- as it brings other products into “compliance.”
-
- • The Entry level of the CUA interface is the familiar terminal command-line,
- unmodified. It is supposed to appear only on terminals, and is limited to
- "data-intensive" applications. We think this means dedicated data-entry, a
- situation where IBM customers still use a lot of terminals.
-
- • The Graphical level is the old CUA interface. It can run on both terminals
- and PCs, although the emphasis is on PCs. The Graphical level includes
- windows, mouse support, menus, and other features currently found in
- Presentation Manager. It is slated for use in "decision-intensive"
- applications. Apparently this means everything except data entry.
-
- • The Workplace level is something new. It works only on PCs, and includes an
- object-oriented environment built around the metaphor of a business office.
- Tools like mail baskets, printers, and shredders are represented as icons on
- screen. Documents appear as sheets of paper, and are stored in file cabinets.
- Actions taken by the user typically consist of dropping a document icon onto a
- tool. For instance, to print a document, the user would drag its icon onto the
- printer icon. IBM says the OfficeVision environment will be one implementation
- of the Workplace specification.
-
- The overall message of the CUA specification is to de-emphasize the role of
- terminals and make the PWS central to IBM computing. There is some speculation
- that this means IBM's terminal sales have died off. Whatever the cause, IBM is
- clearly urging customers to move to PWSs in most situations.
-
-
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- Miscellaneous
-
- IBM also lumped in a number of other product announcements with OfficeVision.
- This is a fairly typical IBM tactic. The miscellaneous announcements included
- the following...
-
- Easel is a graphical interface shell for 3270 terminal applications. It allows
- OS/2 users to access a mainframe-based terminal application through a window,
- with many of the ease of use features of the graphical interface (such as menus
- and clipboard support). The terminal application does not need to be modified
- in order to work with Easel.
-
- Data Interpretation System is IBM's implementation of the Metaphor data
- manipulation system. It does not run under Presentation Manager, and in fact
- is the spitting image of the Xerox Star interface.
-
- Executive Decisions/VM is a combined mainframe/PC solution that allows
- non-computer literate executives to access host data and make decisions. It
- supports the use of a touchscreen, and uses Presentation Manager. However the
- interface does not completely conform to CUA, and in fact IBM says it will be
- adding a new layer to CUA in order to accommodate it.
-
- OS/2 Image Support is a standardized "driver" for image input applications.
- Like a printer driver, it will allow applications to access a variety of image
- input devices (scanners, cameras, etc.) through a single software interface.
- Image Support's biggest weakness is that it requires IBM's high-end 8514
- graphics board in order to display grayscale images.
-
- Other products:
- • Office Facsimile application allows an OfficeVision client to send or
- receive fax documents. However it requires an IBM minicomputer or mainframe.
- • Personal Application System v. 2 is a new version of a set of IBM
- decision-support software tools.
- • Personal Communications/3270 is a new version of IBM's DOS 3270 emulation
- program.
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- Competition/Customer
- Software folder
- 5/23/90
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